An Overview of Artificial Intelligence, Ethic and Neuromodulation

Authors

  • Alejandro Fuentes-Penna El Colegio de Morelos https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4303-3852
  • Ricardo A. Barrera Cámara Universidad Autónoma del Carmen
  • Raúl Gómez Cárdenas El Colegio de Morelos
  • Óscar Daniel Hernández González El Colegio de Morelos
  • Aristeo Castro Rascón El Colegio de Morelos

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.61467/2007.1558.2026.v17i2.1135

Keywords:

Neuromodulation, Artificial Intelligence, Technology Ethics, Philosophy of Technology

Abstract

Based on advances in computing and devices as an extension of the human body, new technologies focused on neuromodulation and with the help of artificial intelligence, can generate lucid dreams and even improve concentration. With noise cancellation through devices such as smart hearing aids or with the generation of devices that detect and modify brain waves, the human body has been empowered towards mental conditions and, in a sense, towards improving the quality of life through sleep. of life through sleep. However, we would be at a point where the ethics and philosophy of technology ethics and the philosophy of technology converge to identify the use of such devices to improve human devices to improve human conditions without overstepping the legal and ethical realm in their use.

 

Smart citations: https://scite.ai/reports/10.61467/2007.1558.2026.v17i2.1135
Dimensions.
Open Alex.

References

Ausín, T., Morte, R., & Monasterio, A. (2020). Neuroderechos: Derechos humanos para las neurotecnologías. Diario La Ley, 43, 1–7.

Avutu, S. R., & Paul, S. (2022). Artificial intelligence algorithms for healthcare and neurorehabilitation engineering. In M. S. Husain, M. H. B. Muhamad Adnan, M. Z. Khan, U. Shukla Fahad, & S. Khan (Eds.), Pervasive healthcare: A compendium of critical factors for success (pp. 103–118). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-6764-7_6

Bayona, E. A., Bayona Prieto, J., & León-Sarmiento, F. E. (2011). Neuroplasticidad, neuromodulación y neurorrehabilitación: Tres conceptos distintos y un solo fin verdadero. Salud Uninorte, 27, 95–107.

Barrett, A. M., Oh-Park, M., Chen, P., & Ifejika, N. L. (2013). Neurorehabilitation: Five new things. Neurology: Clinical Practice, 3(6), 484–492. https://doi.org/10.1212/CPJ.0b013e3182a78f5c

Community Medical Center. (n.d.). Neurodiagnóstico. https://es.communitymedical.org/specialties-and-departments/neurosciences/programs/neurodiagnostics

Carew, T. J., Walters, E. T., & Kandel, E. R. (1981). Classical conditioning in a simple withdrawal reflex in Aplysia californica. Journal of Neuroscience, 1(12), 1426–1437. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.01-12-01426.1981

Daram, A. R., Kudithipudi, D., & Yanguas-Gil, A. (2019). Task-based neuromodulation architecture for lifelong learning. In Proceedings of the 20th International Symposium on Quality Electronic Design (ISQED) (pp. 191–197). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ISQED.2019.8697362

Dietz, V., & Ward, N. S. (2015). Oxford textbook of neurorehabilitation. Oxford University Press.

Echeverría, J. (2017). El arte de innovar: Naturaleza, lenguajes, sociedades. Plaza y Valdés.

Funtowicz, S. O., & Ravetz, J. R. (2000). La ciencia postnormal: Ciencia con la gente. Icaria.

Ereifej, E. S., Shell, C. E., Schofield, J. S., Charkhkar, H., Cuberovic, I., Dorval, A. D., Graczyk, E. L., Kozai, T. D. Y., Otto, K. J., & Tyler, D. J. (2019). Neural engineering: The process, applications, and its role in the future of medicine. Journal of Neural Engineering, 16(6), 063002. https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-2552/ab4869

Feigin, V. L., Nichols, E., Alam, T., Bannick, M. S., Beghi, E., Blake, N., et al. (2019). Global, regional, and national burden of neurological disorders, 1990–2016: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. The Lancet Neurology, 18(5), 459–480. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(18)30499-X

Hatzis, A., Stranjalis, G., Megapanos, C., Sdrolias, P. G., Panourias, I. G., & Sakas, D. E. (2007). The current range of neuromodulatory devices and related technologies. In D. E. Sakas, B. A. Simpson, & E. S. Krames (Eds.), Operative neuromodulation (Acta Neurochirurgica Supplements, Vol. 97). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-211-33079-1_3

Hong, G., & Lieber, C. M. (2019). Novel electrode technologies for neural recordings. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 20, 330–345. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41583-019-0140-6

Machado, A., Fernandez, H. H., & Deogaonkar, M. (2012). Deep brain stimulation: What can patients expect? Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine, 79(2), 113–120. https://doi.org/10.3949/ccjm.79a.11006

Instituto Nacional de Estadística. (2022). Encuesta de discapacidad, autonomía personal y situaciones de dependencia. https://www.ine.es

Kondziella, D., Bender, A., Diserens, K., van Erp, W., Estraneo, A., Formisano, R., Laureys, S., Naccache, L., Ozturk, S., Rohaut, B., Sitt, J. D., Stender, J., Tiainen, M., Rossetti, A. O., Gosseries, O., & Chatelle, C. (2020). European Academy of Neurology guideline on the diagnosis of coma and other disorders of consciousness. European Journal of Neurology, 27(5), 741–756. https://doi.org/10.1111/ene.14151

Maier, M., Ballester, B. R., & Verschure, P. F. M. J. (2019). Principles of neurorehabilitation after stroke based on motor learning and brain plasticity mechanisms. Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience, 13, 74. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnsys.2019.00074

Mantovani, E., Zucchella, C., Bottiroli, S., Federico, A., Giugno, R., Sandrini, G., Chiamulera, C., & Tamburin, S. (2020). Telemedicine and virtual reality for cognitive rehabilitation: A roadmap for the COVID-19 pandemic. Frontiers in Neurology, 11, 926. https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2020.00926

Medtronic. (2025). Neurostimulators and their selection. https://www.medtronic.com

Ruiz-Vanoye, J. A., Fuentes-Penna, A., Barrera-Cámara, R. A., Díaz-Parra, O., Trejo-Macotela, F. R., Gómez-Pérez, L. J., Aguilar-Ortiz, J., Ruiz-Jaimes, M. Á., Toledo-Navarro, Y., & Domínguez Mayorga, C. R. (2025). Artificial intelligence and human well-being: A review of applications and effects on life satisfaction through synthetic happiness. International Journal of Combinatorial Optimization Problems and Informatics, 16(1), 14–37. https://doi.org/10.61467/2007.1558.2025.v16i1.932

Sotero, R. C. (2008). Modelo biofísico del acoplamiento de las actividades eléctrica, neuronal, metabólica y hemodinámica en el cerebro. Revista CENIC Ciencias Biológicas, 39, 194–195.

Vecoven, N., Ernst, D., Wehenkel, A., & Drion, G. (2020). Introducing neuromodulation in deep neural networks to learn adaptive behaviours. PLOS ONE, 15(1), e0227922. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0227922

Vidalsamsó, J. (2020). La neurorrehabilitación, un proceso de alta complejidad. Revista de Neurología, 70, 433.

Downloads

Published

2026-02-16

How to Cite

Fuentes-Penna, A., Barrera Cámara, R. A., Gómez Cárdenas, R., Hernández González, Óscar D., & Castro Rascón, A. (2026). An Overview of Artificial Intelligence, Ethic and Neuromodulation. International Journal of Combinatorial Optimization Problems and Informatics, 17(2), 511–517. https://doi.org/10.61467/2007.1558.2026.v17i2.1135

Issue

Section

Articles